November 2025
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Walking the Line: The Rise of Humanoid Manufacturing
When it comes to the recent or pending investment in the US, some are interested in the company names – TSMC, Samsung, Wistron, Pegatron.
I’m more curious about the technologies they might bring.
Reason is, all the capital investment in the world won’t matter if you don’t have the personnel to operate the factories.
Or maybe not.
READ FULL ARTICLE
Murata, Cadence Partner to Streamline Circuit Design
HORSHAM, PA – Murata Manufacturing has partnered with Cadence Design Systems to make its inductor and capacitor product libraries directly accessible within Cadence’s electronic design automation tools. Murata’s models are now preinstalled in OrCAD X Capture, Allegro X System Capture and AWR Design Environment, allowing engineers to select components and run simulations without manual downloads or installations.
The collaboration aims to accelerate the design of power supply, high-frequency and noise suppression circuits, responding to the growing complexity of PCBs and the shift toward front-loaded design workflows. The preinstalled libraries provide immediate access to approximately 1,600 power inductors, 5,000 RF inductors, and 24,000 MLCCs. With dynamic and static models reflecting real-world characteristics, designers can evaluate signal integrity, power stability and noise more efficiently.
Murata plans to further expand the integration by automating updates via API, ensuring engineers have access to the latest models directly within Cadence’s platforms.
AT&S Expands into Defense Manufacturing
LEOBEN, AUSTRIA – AT&S is entering the defense sector as part of a strategic diversification plan aimed at boosting long-term stability amid rising geopolitical tensions. The company plans to manage this expansion from its Leoben facility, which is being evaluated for upgrades to meet defense production standards.
The move is designed to provide planning security and reduce exposure to economic fluctuations, with annual revenue expectations in the mid-double-digit million range. AT&S also emphasized that all defense-related activities will comply with Austrian and EU regulations.
AT&S aims to contribute to European security and resilience while expanding into a market segment with growing strategic importance.
Schweizer Electronic Ends Restructuring at Schramberg Site
SCHRAMBERG, GERMANY – Schweizer Electronic AG has concluded its staff restructuring program and ended short-time working at its Schramberg facility, citing a stable order situation for the remainder of the year and early signs of renewed growth in 2026.
The company completed its personnel adjustments through a voluntary program without a reconciliation of interests or social plan, supporting employees transitioning to retirement or new career paths. “The last few months have been a great challenge for all of us,” said CEO Nicolas Schweizer. “But we have used the crisis as an opportunity to review and adjust our cost structures and reposition ourselves.”
The Schramberg plant is expected to remain well utilized through year-end, with restructuring measures taking full effect in 2026. The site will broaden its focus beyond the automotive sector to reduce market risks and strengthen its position as a leading European PCB manufacturer.
Cicor Acquires EMS Sites in US, Morocco from Valtronic
BRONSCHHOFEN, SWITZERLAND – Cicor Group on Oct. 27 signed an agreement to acquire two production sites from. In a statement, Cicor said the move will strengthen its medical technology business, secure a strategic location in the US and enable a much-needed expansion of capacity in Morocco.
Cicor said the deal will add around 220 employees and additional revenue of at least CHF 20 million ($25.2 million), which could roughly double thanks to key customers in the US business. The transaction will not have a significant impact on Cicor’s balance sheet or the EBITDA margin, the EMS firm said.
The transfer of the business to Cicor is expected to be completed in the next few weeks.
READ FULL ARTICLEIchia Expands in Malaysia
KEDAH, Malaysia – Ichia Technologies in late October held the grand opening of its RM490 million ($117 million) PCB and electronics manufacturing facility here.
The new manufacturing facility at Kulim Hi-Tech Park (KHTP) is expected to create approximately 600 jobs.
The 55,000 sq. m (592,000 sq. ft.) site will focus on manufacturing printed circuit boards, assemblies and components for the automotive and telecommunication sectors.
Hanza Acquires BMK, Forms Europe’s Largest Public EMS
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN – Hanza has entered into an agreement to acquire BMK Group, a German electronics manufacturing services provider with roughly 1,500 employees, solidifying its position as Europe’s largest publicly listed contract manufacturer.
The deal remains subject to approval at an extraordinary general meeting in November and regulatory clearance, expected by year-end.
Hanza said the acquisition is part of its growth strategy of building a network of five balanced manufacturing clusters across Europe.
Read Full ArticleIMI Consolidates China Operations to Boost Capacity Utilization
BIÑAN, PHILIPPINES – Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc. (IMI) has completed the consolidation of its Kuichong operations into its Pingshan facility in Shenzhen, a strategic move designed to streamline its manufacturing footprint, improve operational efficiency and increase capacity utilization.
The company announced that final production at the Kuichong site concluded on Sept. 30, with the integration of operations into Pingshan set to continue in the coming weeks. IMI said the transition is structured to maintain business continuity and minimize disruption for customer accounts previously supported by the Kuichong facility.
The consolidation aligns with the company’s broader strategy to optimize its global manufacturing network and strengthen its competitive position in China’s electronics sector.
Precision PCB Acquires Assets of Microplace
ELGIN, IL – Precision Technologies has acquired the assets of Microplace, a Chicago area electronics manufacturing services company. Financial terms were not disclosed.
Precision Technologies, which operates as Precision PCB, said the strategic acquisition enhances its capabilities in assembly and strengthens its technical expertise.
Microplace, an Elgin, IL-based EMS established in 1996, supplies prototype and turnkey assembly to a variety of end-markets. The Microplace team will remain in place, ensuring continuity of service, technical excellence, and a seamless transition for existing customers.
Read Full ArticleNote Expands UK Presence with Acquisition of Kasdon Group
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN – Note has signed an agreement to acquire UK-based electronics contract manufacturer Kasdon Group, strengthening its position in the British EMS market and securing a foothold in the high-growth defense sector, which represents about half of Kasdon’s revenue.
Note will pay approximately $35.6 million on a cash- and debt-free basis, including a potential earnout, corresponding to an adjusted EBITDA multiple of around 6. The deal will be funded through Note’s existing cash and credit lines.
Kasdon, based in Willenhall near Birmingham, offers turnkey manufacturing solutions and operates from a modern, expanding facility equipped with advanced production capabilities. The company reported more than $15 million in revenue for the year and employs roughly 50 people. Managing director Steven Stockley and his son Ryan will remain in leadership roles following the acquisition.
MacDermid Alpha Electronics Inks Deal to Acquire Micromax
Waterbury, CT – Element Solutions, the parent company of MacDermid Alpha Electronics, on Oct. 28 announced a definitive agreement with Celanese to acquire its Micromax subsidiary for approximately $500 million in cash, subject to adjustments. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter 2026, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.
The acquired unit will be integrated into Element’s electronics segment and will boost sales to approximately $2 billion.
Micromax is a supplier of electronics inks and pastes for electronics. Its portfolio includes conductive, resistive and dielectric thick-film inks, as well as low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) materials for creating multilayer circuits. It serves end-markets such as aerospace, defense and healthcare.
READ FULL ARTICLEConcord Control Systems Acquires 50% Stake in Fusion Electronics
LUCKNOW, INDIA – Concord Control Systems has taken a step into advanced electronics manufacturing with the acquisition of a 50% equity stake in Fusion Electronics. The deal, completed through a definitive share purchase agreement and announced Oct. 29, marks Concord’s entry into the high-value flex PCB segment and designates Fusion as an associate company.
Fusion Electronics operates India’s largest flex PCB manufacturing unit, with an annual installed capacity of 200,000m². The facility supports EBITDA margins above 20% and supplies major automotive clients including Ferrari, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Land Rover, Magneti Marelli and Hella.
By leveraging Fusion’s established position, Concord plans to diversify beyond its railway systems core, entering new electronics and industrial markets. The company’s three-year strategy outlines plans to double production capacity, integrate surface-mount and box-build capabilities, and create a standalone EMS platform for strategic industries.
READ FULL ARTICLEPCD&F
ECARX has formed a partnership with Victory Giant Technology to supply custom-engineered PCBs for AI-capable automotive computing platforms.
Element Solutions is reportedly exploring a potential sale, with Bank of America and Goldman Sachs hired to gauge buyer interest.
General Motors recently laid off more than 200 salaried employees, primarily CAD engineers, at its global tech campus in Warren, MI.
GUH Holdings plans to expand into advanced PCBs and launch a RMB1.2 billion ($169 million) property project in Penang.
LPKF named Altus Group distributor of its laser depaneling systems in Europe.
Read Full ArticleCA
ACC Electronix is expanding its ruggedized PCB production to meet demand from heavy equipment manufacturers.
Aegis Software named STPGroup distributor in France.
Aimtron Electronics has secured an international order worth $3.95 million to manufacture 200,000 IoT devices over the next 12 to 15 months.
Anda Technologies Mexico has opened a showroom and testing lab in Guadalajara.
Avantel has opened its second facility in Hyderabad, investing over Rs 56 crore ($63 million).
Read Full Article
PCD&F
Blue Joule hired Tara Taylor as printed circuit board designer.
Flexible Circuit Technologies named Ryan Walsh regional business development manager.
GE Aerospace named Despina Davis, Ph.D, PCB design engineer.
Insulectro promoted Chris Hunrath to chief technology officer.
Keysight Technologies named Ian Jackson senior PCB designer.
CA
Altus Group named Denis Popilian applications and service engineer.
Europlacer appointed Craig Brown sales director of the Americas.
Fabrinet announced the retirement of company founder and chairman, David Mitchell, after 25 years of leadership, and tapped Seamus O’Grady to succeed him.
Foxtronics EMS named Kevin Stone chief revenue officer.
Fuji America promoted Chris Dayney to technical marketing manager.
Read full article
PCEA Announces Dates for PCB West 2026

PEACHTREE CITY, GA – The PCB West 2026 one-day exhibition will take place Sept. 30, while the four-day technical conference will take place Sept. 29 to Oct. 2, PCEA announced.
All events will be held at the Santa Clara (CA) Convention Center.
Attendance at the PCB West 2025 conference and exhibition rose 3.5% year-over-year. In all, more than 100 companies, including the top CAD and CAM vendors and leading names in printed circuit fabrication and electronics assembly, exhibited at the show.
Read Full ArticleCIRCUITS ASSEMBLY Announces 2025 Service Excellence Awards Winners
ROSEMONT, IL – CIRCUITS ASSEMBLY in October announced the winners of its 2025 Service Excellence Awards (SEAs) for electronics manufacturing services (EMS) providers and electronics assembly equipment, materials and software suppliers. CIRCUITS ASSEMBLY recognized companies that received the highest customer service ratings, as judged by their own customers.

In the EMS category, the overall winners were Creation Technologies (sales over $500 million), Mack Technologies (sales of $100 million to $500 million), Imagineering (sales of $20 million to $100 million), and RBB Systems (sales under $20 million).
Read Full ArticleWinter PCB Design Training Classes Scheduled

PEACHTREE CITY, GA – PCEA Training will hold its next scheduled sessions for the Certified Professional Circuit Designer (CPCD) training and certification program starting Feb. 6 and continuing once a week through Mar. 6.
The 40-hour instructor-led course is designed for printed circuit engineers, layout professionals and other individuals currently serving in the design engineering industry or seeking to get into it.
The classes cover the gamut of printed circuit design engineering, from layout, place and route to specifications and materials to manufacturing methods. Schematic capture, signal integrity and EMI/EMC are also part of the comprehensive program.
Read Full ArticlePCB West 2025 Reports 4% Attendance Growth
PEACHTREE CITY, GA – Attendance at the PCB West 2025 conference and exhibition held in the Silicon Valley in October grew 3.5% year-over-year, the PCEA announced. The figures include attendance for both the one-day exhibition and the four-day conference.
The event, which took place at the Santa Clara (CA) Convention Center, attracted an international audience of engineers and other professionals from a range of printed circuit and electronics design, fabrication, assembly and advanced packaging companies.

Mike Buetow Receives 2025 PCEA Lifetime Achievement Award
SANTA CLARA, CA – PCEA announced Mike Buetow as the first individual awarded the PCEA Lifetime Achievement Award and as the first inductee in the newly established PCEA Hall of Fame. The announcement was made at the PCEA annual meeting in conjunction with the PCB West conference and exhibition.
For more than three decades, Buetow has influenced every corner of this industry. From his early years in electronics manufacturing to his role today as president of the PCEA, he has built bridges across design, fabrication and assembly. He has been an editor, a publisher, a community leader, and most importantly, a mentor.

Stephen Chavez Receives 2025 PCEA Leadership Award
SANTA CLARA, CA – PCEA on Sept. 30 announced Stephen V. Chavez as recipient of the annual PCEA Leadership Award, for his lifetime service in the pursuit of educating and training PCB design engineers.
Chavez was one of the cofounders of PCEA in 2020, and has been chairman of the organization since its inception. He is also a member of the Education Committee and Conferences Task Group. He coauthored and is a master instructor of the PCEA Certified Printed Circuit Designer curriculum, and helped introduce the program into universities.

Troy Hopkins Receives 2025 PCEA Membership Award
SANTA CLARA, CA – Troy Hopkins has been named recipient of the fourth annual PCEA Membership Award. For the past three years, Hopkins has chaired the PCEA Conferences Committee. The committee is responsible for developing the technical conference programs for PCB East and PCB West. During that time, Hopkins has led the review of more than 400 abstract submissions, and developed more than 600 hours of programming for event attendees.

“Troy Hopkins has demonstrated poise and vision in heading the Conferences Committee,” said Stephen Chavez, chairman, PCEA, in announcing the award. “His organization and commitment have helped ensure the committee stays focused and up to date with the meeting the industry’s training needs. It gives me great pleasure to recognize him with the PCEA Membership Award.”
ASSOCIATION NEWS
Certification. The following recently passed the PCEA Certified Printed Circuit Designer exam:
- Scott Decker
- Drew Jackson
- Joshua Nho
- Jered Jahnke
- Payton Lockmiller
- Jeff Seese
- Sam Traynoff
Conferences. PCB Detroit will return to the campus of Wayne State University on Jun. 15-16, 2026. More details will be forthcoming at pcea.net/events.
Networking. The PCEA Discord server brings together engineers and designers from around the world on a private channel to discuss technical questions and career opportunities. To join, contact PCEA. Recent conversations covered the implementation of BGA packages, designing high-current boards and circuit simulations.
CHAPTER NEWS
Orange County. Thanks to Chris Hunrath of Insulectro for his talk Navigating the Shifting Landscape of PCB Material Requirements and Complexity, at our October meeting.

Richmond, VA. On Nov. 13 from 6-8 pm we will host Hardware Community Night: Building Richmond’s Electronics Network, an informal gathering designed to connect people involved in circuit board design and production. That includes designers, manufacturers, students, educators, and local companies looking to grow or launch electronics capabilities. Expect a relaxed evening of connection and conversation. Several local engineers will bring circuit boards and projects they’ve worked on to help spark conversations and share real-world experiences in design and manufacturing. Guests are encouraged to bring a board or project of their own if they have one.
Pizza will be provided by Mobius Materials. Those interested in attending should click attend on the LinkedIn post.
PCB Design Revenue Climbs as EDA Market Expands in Q2
MILPITAS, CA – Revenue from PCB and multichip module (MCM) design tools climbed sharply in the second quarter, reflecting ongoing strength in the electronic system design sector. According to an October report from the ESD Alliance, PCB and MCM revenue grew 7.8% year-over-year to $430.5 million, with the four-quarter moving average up 8.8%.
The broader electronic system design industry generated $5.09 billion in revenue during the quarter, an 8.6% increase from the same period in 2024. Growth was broad-based across key product categories, with computer-aided engineering (CAE) and services leading the gains, while semiconductor intellectual property (SIP) revenue also posted solid improvement (more)

Hot Takes
Global smartphone shipments climbed 2.6% year-over-year to 322.7 million units in the third quarter. (IDC)
Chip industry leaders warned that proposed visa restrictions and steep H-1B fees could shrink the tech talent pipeline and undermine US semiconductor expansion efforts. (Bloomberg)
A new global manufacturing outlook highlights four forces reshaping the industry in 2026: AI’s rise as a core growth driver, the push for greater operational agility, evolving customer demands and the need for resilient sourcing strategies. (Xometry) (more)
Why Workforce Development Keeps Manufacturing Leaders Up at Night
Executives reveal their top concern isn’t tariffs, but the struggle to retain a qualified manufacturing workforce.
A recent industry event included a session on managing through disruptive times. Toward the end of the session, a panel of industry leaders addressed audience questions, one of which was, “Of all the disruptive issues currently taking place, which keeps you up at night?” Surprisingly, the panel was unanimous in its response, and it was not tariffs, new technology or geopolitical events. What keeps these executives awake at night is far more basic: finding qualified employees.
The catchphrase used when discussing the challenges of locating, hiring and retaining qualified employees is “workforce development,” and the operative word is “development!”
Over the past four decades, for a variety of reasons, much of electronics manufacturing has migrated from North America and Europe to Asia. As this migration has taken place, many Western pundits have slurred manufacturing as synonymous with dirty facilities, claiming a position in manufacturing was a “job,” not a career. While these assertions are far from the truth, the soundbites have regrettably stuck, and today many Westerners starting their journey in the workforce do not consider the manufacturing sector.
Read Full Article
Again I’m Asking: Where Are All the PCB Youngbloods?
PCB manufacturing doesn’t have a talent shortage; it has a marketing problem.
Where are all the PCB youngbloods? Why aren’t young men and women entering the industry in the numbers they did in the past?
I asked these questions several years ago, and the situation has improved slightly since. But not enough.
The average age of PCB fabrication workers continues to climb. Industry surveys now peg it somewhere north of 50 years old, and the pipeline of replacements remains dangerously thin. We’re not just facing a skills gap anymore; we’re staring down a demographic cliff.
I suspect the shrinking and consolidation of the domestic industry, along with the pessimism of many who’ve stayed in it, is at least partly related to the vanishing of younger colleagues. But I’ve come to realize the problem runs deeper than industry morale or even offshore competition.
Read Full Article
Embrace the Grind!
Don’t let derailments break your sales spirit.
In the past four years I have sustained numerous injuries from my “hobbies.” Why do I do this, and how does this relate to business? The easy answers are to slow the aging process, challenge myself, achieve some goals I’ve arbitrarily set and overcome some fears … well, maybe some of all of that.

A quick recap:
- Mountain bike accident. A level 3 shoulder separation, cracked ribs and concussion. Time out of commission: three months.
Concerning Thermal Challenges with Printed Circuit Boards
When passive heat management isn’t enough, fans or blowers are “cool” solutions.
It has been said that good things come in small packages. This is true of electronics up to a point. Chip companies compete for bragging rights over package size. Less is more. Increased density permits faster operation due to reduced lag in shorter traces. This trend extends beyond just chips; shrinking the entire product represents a significant “marketing breakthrough.”
Meanwhile, a compact board will have more wattage to dissipate per unit area. The power supplies are spread around the board with dedicated regulators assigned to each chip even when the voltage requirements are the same from one device to another.
Linear power supplies vs. switch mode power supplies (SMPS). Traditional linear power supplies are not as efficient as switch-mode power supplies. The difference is that linear power supplies create much more heat than SMPS devices. That heat doesn’t just materialize out of nothing. Power is wasted to create the hot spot.
Read Full Article
Why Rigid-Flex PCBs are an Untapped Design Solution
Rigid-flex technology is redefining electronics design, merging flexibility with structural reliability.
Think of rigid-flex as the ultimate chameleon of circuit boards, seamlessly blending the robust stability of rigid boards with the dynamic flexibility of flexible circuits. This hybrid approach opens doors that rigid PCBs simply cannot, especially when it comes to adapting to shrinking envelopes that constantly constrain physical hardware configurations and challenge most engineering teams.
If you haven’t explored rigid-flex as a viable alternative solution, you might be missing out on a truly transformative tool in your engineering arsenal. What does rigid-flex enable that rigid PCB does not?
True 3-D interconnects and packaging. Rigid PCBs are inherently 2-D. Rigid-flex, however, allows you to fold, bend and twist your circuit board into complex 3-D shapes, conforming to irregularly shaped enclosures. This is a game-changer for miniaturization.
Read Full Article
Rethinking Consumer Electronics: From Short Lifespans to Sustainable Design
Growth in the consumer sector is a reason for us to celebrate and a signal for us to change.
The consumer sector is arguably the most powerful aspect of today’s immense electronics industry, influencing our quality of life and our perception of it. The standards of functionality, appearance and quality are far above the norms of just a few years ago, and many of us own far more of these luxuriant items than previous generations could have dreamed.
The consumer electronics market is worth $1.5 trillion to $2 trillion today and could hit $3 trillion by 2030. That represents 30-50% of the total global electronics market, which is about $4 trillion right now. This is a success worth celebrating, as it indicates rising standards of living worldwide as economies develop and prosperity increases. We all benefit from this.
But what defines consumer technology? In the past, one might have said that consumer items are relatively simple, low-grade and low-cost, especially when compared to cutting-edge markets like defense systems or civil avionics. This is no longer the case, as our homes and pockets now contain some of the world’s most advanced and state-of-the-art technology. One thing that does seem to connect these devices and differentiate them from other types of products is their expected lifetime. Typically, consumer products have a life of about three to five years before they fail or people replace them with newer models. Televisions and washing machines can last for longer, from five to 10 years on average.
Read Full Article
Safeguarding Design Intelligence: Protecting Your IP through IPC-2581 Function Mode
How to limit shared design data, protecting IP and securing the manufacturing handoff.
Last month’s column on intelligent data transfer discussed how PCB design data have evolved from unintelligent, fragmented formats like Gerber to an intelligent, integrated, single-file exchange through IPC-2581. We talked about what intelligent data means – design data that retains their full context, hierarchy and relationships throughout the product lifecycle – and why the industry needs to move away from legacy Gerber-based packages.
This month, we take a deeper look at how intellectual property (IP) is protected using IPC-2581 and how its function mode capability enables secure and efficient data sharing (Figure 1).

Tried-and-True Design Practices for High PCB Yield
Effective design means building with manufacturing limits in mind.
by Akber Roy
Everyone makes mistakes. In PCB design, design for manufacturing (DfM) is all about correcting mistakes after reviewing a PCB layout. We then devise corrective actions to fix those mistakes and improve procedures to make products error-free.
The term “PCB manufacturing” includes fabrication and assembly. Reliable and smooth PCB manufacturing requires DfM-compatible design practices. The journey begins with the schematic, followed by layout, which serve as the blueprint for the design. PCB design is a unique field where success depends on the designer’s understanding of fabrication and assembly technologies. We are no longer living in an era of simple designs that are easily manufactured.

On Flying, Finding and the Trade Show Floor
Somewhere between the badge scanner beep and missing business cards, community happens.
by Ryann Howard
I’ve been reading to my son before bed lately. And now that we’ve (mercifully) graduated from the picture book phase, I did what any overexcited parent with a bookshelf full of “classics” would do: I went straight for the big ones. Peter Pan. Alice in Wonderland. The Secret Garden.
I quickly realized, somewhere around my third dramatic reading of a particularly dense sentence, that perhaps I was a little too eager. I was narrating stories with words he wasn’t quite ready for yet, piling on adventures that made more sense to me than to him.
But then, tucked between J. M. Barrie’s whimsy and flights of fancy in Peter Pan, I stumbled on a line that made me pause: “It is not in doing what you like, but in liking what you do that is the secret of happiness.”
Read Full Article
The Analysis of Variance: Drawing Conclusions from Data that are Correct, Unambiguous and Defensible
How ANOVA helps ensure process data lead to accurate, defensible decisions.
by Patrick Valentine, Ph.D.
The two-sample t-test determines if two population means are equal. Typical applications involve testing whether a new process or treatment outperforms a current one. But what if we have three or more means we want to test? The t-test is inappropriate for this analysis.
For example, a young engineer tests the mean brightener concentration in their four acid copper pulse plating tanks (A, B, C, D). There are six pairwise comparisons: AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD. Using the t-test, if the probability of correctly accepting the null hypothesis for each test is 1 – α = 0.95, then the probability of correctly accepting the null hypothesis for all six tests is (0.95)6 = 0.74, or 74%. In other words, 1 – 0.74 = 26% chance of committing a Type I error. Recall that a Type I error occurs when we reject a true null hypothesis (no statistical difference) and claim that there is a statistical difference. The multiple comparisons cause a significant increase in Type I errors. The appropriate procedure for testing the equality of several means is the analysis of variance.1
The Analysis of Variance
R.A. Fisher, a British statistician, invented the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in 1918. While the t-test compares only two groups, Fisher designed the ANOVA to permit comparisons among multiple groups using a single test. The ANOVA gained popularity after being included in Fisher’s text Statistical Methods for Research Workers in 1925. Today, the ANOVA is the most useful technique in the field of statistical inference. The ANOVA is a general linear statistical model technique used to test the hypothesis that the means of two or more groups are equal. The linear function refers to the mathematical relationship between the model parameters and the dependent variable (y). Specifically, the response variable (y) is a linear function of the model, meaning the average outcome relates linearly to each term in the model.2
Read Full Article
Outsourcing Product Design and Development
Nine critical checks for OEMs to avoiding bottlenecks.
by Asmin Perviz
Established OEMs with ambitious growth goals often hit a wall as they expand their product ranges. Internal design and development (D&D) teams become overloaded while juggling updates to legacy products, managing lifecycles and integrating new features. Meanwhile, mounting pressure to innovate and accelerate time-to-market for new products adds to the challenges.
For many, the answer is clear: outsource D&D. But choosing the right partner is anything but straightforward. This is the tipping point. OEMs often need to work fast to choose a D&D partner or face a vicious cycle of competing demands and delays that impact revenue (Figure 1).

Why Lean Six Sigma is Meaningful for EMS Customers
A positive counterbalance for mitigating inflation.
Ideally, design for excellence (DFx) should optimize and standardize every product and associated manufacturing processes to achieve high throughput and eliminate defect opportunities. While Lean original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) may reach those lofty goals in their facilities, electronics manufacturing services (EMS) environments rarely achieve them. In these environments, OEMs control their designs and much, if not all, of their approved material list (AML).
While some customers are partners with their EMS providers in DFx endeavors at the design phase, others have completed costly validation processes that limit their ability to make changes. Lean Six Sigma gives EMS continuous improvement teams the tools to identify and address inefficiencies, even when there is limited ability to modify the design. Here are a few examples of ways Lean Six Sigma core tools can be applied to improve throughput and quality.
Thorough problem identification. The DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control) process enables teams to go through a series of focused steps that identify an issue, utilize standardized tools to measure the process under study, test improvement assumptions and implement a validated solution to eliminate the issue or improve overall efficiency. This approach particularly benefits the EMS environment because it generates documentation that helps customers’ teams easily understand identified issues, the proposed tooling or process changes and the validation processes used to test the recommendations.
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PCD&F

Cadence OrCAD X 25.1 ECAD Software
OrCAD X 25.1 enables seamless collaboration between internal and external design teams with direct feedback, markup and review accessible via desktop and browser. Integrates Sigrity X SI and PI analysis earlier in the workflow to identify and resolve performance and reliability issues before late-stage rework. Adds PCB layout enhancements including true type font support, improved property panels and auto-define differential pairs for greater precision. Flexible licensing for single users across up to five machines and expands OrCAD X OnCloud features to simplify data sharing for distributed teams.
Cadence

Flux AI Design Agent
AI Design Agent automation tool converts text prompts into complete PCB designs. Interprets natural language instructions, plans multistep workflows and automates schematic generation, component sourcing, net connections and board routing. Built on machine-learning models trained on hundreds of thousands of layouts. Evaluates constraints, validates against engineering rules and refines results iteratively. Learns user preferences for future projects. Supports multi-board orchestration for parallel design execution. Fully integrated into Flux’s collaborative eCAD platform.
Flux
CA

BTU Aurora 125N Reflow Oven
Aurora 125N convection soldering reflow oven combines flexible zone configurations, thermal control and optimized gas flow for uniform heating in high-mix electronics manufacturing. Enhanced accessibility simplifies maintenance, while the optional Aqua Scrub flux management system supports extended uptime and sustainable operation.
BTU International

Dymax 9773 Ruggedized Adhesive
9773 ruggedizing and staking adhesive secures and protects PCB components in satellites, missiles and other space-based systems. Certified to NASA ASTM E595 Low Outgassing and Mil-Std 883 Method 5011 Low Ionic Content standards. Cures on demand under UV/visible light, eliminating delays from traditional two-part epoxies. Non-slumping for up to 72 hr. on vertical surfaces and compatible with jet dispensing for ruggedizing, staking or encapsulating. One-part, solvent-free and halogen-free formulation supports sustainability while maintaining performance.
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Thermal Dynamics
“Dynamic Thermal Response and Flow Behavior of a Zigzag Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger under Transcritical Conditions”
Authors: Yatian Zhao, Kai He, Hongyue Zhao and Hongkang Liu
Abstract: Studies on the dynamic response characteristics of printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) are rather limited. The mechanisms by which channel geometry and operating pressure affect dynamic behavior remain unclear, which indicates that the structural modifications could easily introduce new challenges. In this study, three-dimensional transient simulations are performed to analyze the thermohydraulic response of a zigzag-channel PCHE subjected to inlet temperature step disturbances (from 335K to 415K) near the pseudo-critical region. Compared to the straight channel, the zigzag configuration exhibited better cooling performance under steady-state conditions, as indicated by a lower outlet temperature. Under transient conditions, the zigzag channel demonstrated better dynamic response performance than the straight channel, shortening the outlet temperature response time by 2.58 sec. This improvement is primarily attributed to stronger secondary flow vortices that accelerate heat transfer during transient thermal disturbances. These effects are especially significant when the fluid shifts between subcritical and supercritical states, where rapidly changing fluid properties enhance mixing and promote more efficient heat transfer. Additionally, the dynamic response of the PCHE under different operating pressures (7.6MPa,8.1Mpa,8.6 MPa) was investigated. Interestingly, although higher pressure enhances steady-state cooling performance, it results in a longer dynamic response time – delayed by 4.05 sec – due mainly to reduced thermal diffusivity and diminished heat transfer effectiveness in the central flow region under elevated pressures. These findings highlight the dynamic advantages of zigzag channels and reveal the tradeoffs between pressure and responsiveness, offering guidance for optimizing PCHEs under transient conditions involving both subcritical and supercritical operations. (Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 281, part 2, Dec. 15, 2025; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128695)
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